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Uncertainty is an inevitable part of the assertion of knowledge, see Bayesian probability

Mathematicians handle uncertainty using probability theory, Dempster-Shafer theory, fuzzy logic. See also probability.

Examples where uncertainty is important:

• Uncertainty is designed into games, most notable, gambling where chance is central to play.
• In physics in certain situations, uncertainty has been elevated into a prinicple, the uncertainty principle.
• In weather forcasting it is now commonplace to include data on the degree of uncertainty in a weather forecast[?].
• Uncertainty is often an important factor in economics.

Further Reading

• http://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/31/science/31PART.html?todaysheadlines