Transportation in Canada

Railways:

• total: 36,114 km; note - there are two major transcontinental freight railway systems: Canadian National (privatized November 1995) and Canadian Pacific Railway; passenger service provided by government-operated firm VIA[?], which has no trackage of its own
• standard gauge: 36,114 km 1.435-m gauge (156 km electrified) (1998)

Cities with underground railway systems:

• Montreal, Quebec (the metro or métro)
• Toronto, Ontario (operated by the TTC - Toronto Transit Commission)
• Vancouver, British Columbia
• Edmonton, Alberta

Highways:

• total: 901,902 km
• paved: 318,371 km (including 16,571 km of expressways)
• unpaved: 583,531 km (1999 est.)

See Trans-Canada Highway

Waterways: 3,000 km, including Saint Lawrence Seaway

Pipelines: crude and refined oil 23,564 km; natural gas 74,980 km

Ports and harbors: Becancour, Quebec[?]; Churchill, Manitoba[?]; Halifax, Nova Scotia; Hamilton, Ontario; Montreal, Quebec; New Westminster, British Columbia[?]; Prince Rupert, British Columbia[?]; Quebec City, Quebec; Saint John, New Brunswick; St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador; Sept Iles, Quebec[?]; Sydney, Nova Scotia; Trois-Rivieres, Quebec[?]; Thunder Bay, Ontario; Toronto, Ontario; Vancouver, British Columbia; Windsor, Ontario

Merchant marine:

• total: 114 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,602,275 GRT/2,371,146 DWT
• ships by type: barge carrier 1, bulk 61, cargo 11, chemical tanker 5, combination bulk 2, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 16, rail car carrier 2, roll-on/roll-off 8, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 1 (1999 est.)
• note: does not include ships used exclusively in the Great Lakes (1998 est.)

Airports: 1,411 (1999 est.)

Airports - with paved runways:

• total: 515
• over 3,047 m: 16
• 2,438 to 3,047 m: 17
• 1,524 to 2,437 m: 152
• 914 to 1,523 m: 240
• under 914 m: 90 (1999 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

• total: 896
• 1,524 to 2,437 m: 73
• 914 to 1,523 m: 362
• under 914 m: 461 (1999 est.)

Heliports: 15 (1999 est.)