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Principal ideal domain
In abstract algebra, a principal ideal domain (PID) is an integral domain in which every ideal is principal (that is, generated by a single element).
Examples are the ring of integers, all fields, and rings of polynomials in one variable with coefficients in a field. All euclidean domains are principal ideal domains. The ring Z[X] of all polynomials with integer coefficients is not principal, since for example the ideal generated by 2 and X cannot be generated by a single polynomial.
In a principal ideal domain, any two elements have a greatest common divisor (and may have more than one).
In all rings, maximal ideals are prime.
In principal ideal domains a near converse holds: every nonzero prime ideal is maximal.
Every principal ideal domain is Noetherian and a unique factorization domain.
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