Perlite is an amorphous glass mineral of volcanic origin.
Typical analysis:
70-75% SiO2, 12-15% Al2O3, Na2O 3-4%, K2O 3-5%, Fe2O<sub2>3</sub> 0,5-2%,
MgO 0,2-0,7%, CaO 0,5-1,5%
Loss On Ignition 3-5%
Properties: When it reaches temperatures of 850-900C, perlite softens (since it is a glass) and water trapped in the structure escapes and this causes the expansion of the material at 7-15 times its original volume. The expanded material is a brilliant white, due to the reflectivity of the trapped bubbles.
Unexpanded ("raw") perlite bulk density: around 1100 kg/m3 (1,1 gr/cm3)
Typical expanded perlite bulk density: 30-150 kg/m3
Due to the low density of expanded perlite it has many uses:
Lightweight plasters and mortars, insulation, ceiling tiles. In horticulture it makes composts more open to air, while still having good water-retention properties; it makes a good medium for hydroponics.
See also: