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Louis of Portugal
Luis, King of Portugal was the third son of Maria II da Gloria and [[Ferdinand II of Portugal|Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg- Saalfeld. Luis was a cultured man who wrote vernacular poetry, but otherwise had no distinguishing gifts in the political field into which he was thrust by the deaths of his brothers Pedro V[?] and Ferdinand in 1861. Luis' domestic reign was a tedious and ineffective series of transitional governments formed at various times by the Progressives (Liberals) and Regenerators (Conservatives - the party generally favoured by King Luis, who secured their long term in office after 1881). Despite a flirtation with the Spanish succession prior to the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71, Luis' reign was otherwise one of domestic stagnation as Portugal fell ever further behind the nations of western Europe in terms of public education, political stability, technological progress and economic prosperity. In colonial affairs, Delgoa Bay was confirmed as a Portuguese possession in 1875, whilst Belgian activities in the Congo (1880s) denied Portugal a land link between Angola and Mozambique at the peak of the Scramble for Africa.
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