The principality is noted for its beautiful natural scenery and mild, sunny climate. The average minimum temperature in January and February is 8° C (47° F); in July and August the average maximum temperature is 26° C (78° F).
Location: Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy
Geographic coordinates: 43 44 N, 7 24 E
Map references: Europe
Area:
total:
1.95 sq km
land:
1.95 sq km
water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative: about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
total:
4.4 km
border countries:
France 4.4 km
Coastline: 4.1 km
Maritime claims:
territorial sea:
12 nm
Climate: Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
Terrain: hilly, rugged, rocky
Elevation extremes:
lowest point:
Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Mont Agel 140 m
Natural resources: none
Land use:
arable land:
0%
permanent crops:
0%
permanent pastures:
0%
forests and woodland:
0%
other:
100% (urban area)
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Natural hazards: NA
Environment - current issues: NA
Environment - international agreements:
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Geography - note: second smallest independent state in world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban: Monaco is a city consisting of four sections: the old town of Monaco (also called "the Rock"), Monte Carlo, La Condamine and Fontvieille.