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Babylonian captivity
The following was originally from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica. As such, it may not yet be properly adapted to Wikipedia. It is included as a stub of sorts to inspire people to modify it:
Babylonian captivity is the name generally given to the deportation of the Jews to Babylon by Nebuchadrezzar. ,Three separate occasions are mentioned (Jer. lii. 28-30). The first was in the time of Jehoiachin in 597 B.C., when the temple of Jerusalem was partially despoiled and a number of the leading citizens removed. After eleven years (in the reign of Zedekiah) a fresh rising of the Judaeans occurred; the city was razed to the ground, and a further deportation ensued. Finally, five years later, Jeremiah (bc. cit.) records a third captivity. After the overthrow of Babylonia by the Persians, Cyrus gave the Jews permission to return to their native land (53~ B.C,), and more then forty thousand are said to have availed themselves of the privilege. (See Jehoiakim[?]; Jehoiachin[?]; Zedekiah; Ezra-Nehemiah[?] and Jews: History.)
The term Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy was also used to refer to the Papacy's sojourn in Avignon between 1309 and 1378, when the Popes were seen by some as "captives" of the French Kings.
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