• February 3 - The previously autonomous state of Greece gains full independence from the Ottoman Empire as the final result of the Greek War of Independence. Negotioations for the borders between the two states continue until 1832, under the supervision of Russia, France and Britain.
• April 6 - The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was organized.
• May 13 - Ecuador gains its independence.
• May 26 - The Indian Removal Act was passed by the United States Congress.
• June 26 - William IV succeeds George IV as King of the UK.
• July 5 - France invades Algeria.
• July 28 - Beginning of the July Revolution in France.
• August 2 - Abdication of King Charles X of France in favor of his grandson, Henry V, who is not allowed to take the throne.
• August 9 - The Duke of Orleans becomes King of the French as Louis Philippe.
• August 13 - Louis Philippe appoints the Duc de Broglie[?] as Prime Minister of France.
• August 25 - Revolt in Brussels against King William I.
• October 4 - The Provisional Government in Brussels declares the creation of the independent state of Belgium, in revolt against the government of the Netherlands.
• November 2 - Jacques Laffitte[?] succeeds the Duc de Broglie as Prime Minister of France
• November 8 - Ferdinand II becomes King of the Two Sicilies
• November 22 - The Whig Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey succeeds Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
• November 29 - Beginning of a major Polish insurrection in Warsaw against Russian rule.
• December 20 - Recognition of the Independence of Belgium by the Great Powers.
• First long-distance (Manchester-Liverpool) railway begins operation.

Arts, Sciences, Literature and Philosophy

• 1830 in literature:

Births

• February 9 - Abd-ul-Aziz, future Ottoman sultan
• March 15 - Paul Heyse[?], writer and winner of the Nobel Prize in literature 1910 (+ 1914)
• May 20 - Hector Malot[?], French writer of Without family[?].
• August 18 - Emperor Franz Josef of Austria
• October 10 - Queen Isabella II of Spain
• December 10 - Emily Dickinson, American poet (+ 1886)
• December 17 - Jules de Goncourt[?], Prix Goncourt (+ 1870)

Deaths

• June 26 - King George IV of the United Kingdom
• September 18 - William Hazlitt, British essayist
• November 8 - King Francis I of the Two Sicilies[?]