• March 29 - Swedish colonists establish first settlement in Delaware, called New Sweden.
• Pedro Texeira[?] makes the first ascent of the Amazon River, from its mouth to Quito, Ecuador. The same trip had been made in the opposite direction in 1541.
• The Netherlands colonizes Mauritius.
• Shipwrecked sailors from England found the first known European settlement in Belize.
• Swedish settlers arrive on the ships Kalmare Nyckel and Fågel Grip to the American colony New Sweden (Delaware).

Births

• September 5 - Future King Louis XIV of France
• November 25 - Catherine of Braganza, Queen-Consort of King Charles II of England

Deaths

• Johann Heinrich Alsted, German theologian