• October 12 - Prince Edward Tudor, later King Edward VI of England.
• October 12? - Lady Jane Grey, later Queen of England.
• December 24 - Prince John Vasa, later King John III of Sweden

Deaths

• October 24 - Jane Seymour , Queen-consort of King Henry VIII of England dies after complications in childbirth

Events

• Pope Paul III published the encyclical Sublimis Deus, which declared the natives of the New World to be rational beings with souls who must not be enslaved or robbed.
• Manco II[?] establishes neo-Inca independent state at Vilacampa, Peru