• August 12 - Florence is captured by Spanish troops under Prince Philibert of Orange[?]. The Medici are restored in the person of the Pope's nephew Alessandro de Medici[?]
• Knights of Malta are formed when the Knights Hospitaller are given Malta by Pope Clement VIII
• Ducal palace of Celle constructed
• In Brazil there was a new expedition from Martin Afonso de Souza[?] to patrol the entire coast, banish the French, and to create the first colonial towns: Sao Vicente and Sao Paulo.
• Austrian forces capture Gran in Hungary, and raid as far as Buda.

Births

• Ivan IV of Russia (Ivan The Terrible), first czar of all Russia.
• November 6 - Josias Simler ,Swiss scholar, mostly known as the author of the first book pertaining entirely to the Alps.
• Thomas Jones later known as Twm Shon Catti , Welsh outlaw,called the Welsh Robin Hood.(approximately)
• Jan Kochanowski[?]
• Christopher Bathory, a prince of Transylvania
• John Whitgift, English archbishop

Deaths

• British statesman Cardinal Thomas Wolsey.
• Quentin Matsys a painter in the Flemish tradition, founder of the Antwerp school.
• Babur the founder of India's Mughal Empire